Ators of change are NDVI and also the active layer thickness. Keywords and phrases Alaska Toolik Climate change Ecological effects Greenland CL-82198 web Zackenberg Medium pass filter VegetationINTRODUCTION Climate warming within the Arctic, substantial over current decades and well-documented in IPCC reports (IPCC 2001, 2013), is reflected in alterations in a wide variety of environmental and ecological measures. These illustrate convincingly that the Arctic is undergoing a system-wide response (ACIA 2005; Hinzman et al. 2005). The altering measures variety from physical state variables, such as air temperature, permafrost temperature (Romanovsky et al. 2010), or the depth of seasonal thaw (Goulden et al. 1998),to alterations in ecological processes, including plant growth, which can result in modifications within the state of ecosystem elements which include plant biomass or alterations in ecosystem structure (Chapin et al. 2000; Sturm et al. 2001; Epstein et al. 2004). In spite in the huge quantity of environmental and ecological measurements created more than recent decades, it has verified difficult to discover statistically considerable trends in these measurements. This difficulty is triggered by the higher annual and seasonal variability of warming in the air temperature and the complexity of biological interactions. One solution to the variability trouble will be to carry out long-term research. These studies are highly-priced to carry out inside the Arctic with the result that many detailed research happen to be relatively short-term (e.g., the IBP Arctic projects within the U.S. and Canada), or have been long-term projects limited in scope (e.g., the Sub-Arctic Stordalen project in Abisko, Sweden; Jonasson et al. 2012). At the moment, you’ll find but two projects underway which are both long-term and broad in scope: Toolik in the Low Arctic of northern Alaska and Zackenberg within the High Arctic of northeast Greenland (Fig. 1). Here we use information from these internet sites to ask which types of measures in fact yield statistically important trends of effects of climate warming Further, are there prevalent characteristics of those valuable measures that minimize variabilitySTUDY Websites The Toolik project (Table 1) is located at the University of Alaska’s Toolik Field Station (TFS) some 125 km inland from the Arctic Ocean. The Long term Ecological Analysis (LTER)1 and related projects at this internet site havehttp:arc-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu.The Author(s) 2017. This short article is published with open access at Springerlink.com www.kva.seenAmbio 2017, 46(Suppl. 1):S160SFig. 1 Place of Toolik, Alaska (68o380 N, 149o430 W) and Zackenberg, Greenland (74o300 N, 21o300 W), long-term arctic study sitesTable 1 Ecological settings for Toolik and Zackenberg investigation web pages Toolik field station Location Inland, Northern Alaska 68o380 N, 149o430 W, 719 m altitude Physical Rolling foothills, Continuous permafrost (200 m), annual setting temperature -8 , summer time (mid-June to mid-August) 9 , annual precipitation 312 mm Ecology Tussock tundra (sedges, evergreen PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21301389 and deciduous shrubs, forbs, mosses, and lichens). Low shrubs, birches, and willows develop involving tussocks and along water tracks and stream banks. Low Arctic LTER (Long term Ecological Investigation), ITEX (International Tundra Experiment), NOAA’s Arctic Plan, CALM (Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring), plus the TFS environmental monitoring program Zackenberg Coast, Northeast Greenland 74o300 N, 21o300 W, 0 m altitude Mountain valley, Continuous permafrost (estimated 20000 m), annual temperature -8 , summer time (three months) four.five , an.
