Neglect score !2 at 7 and/or 11y33y45y50yMean difference (95 CI) in BMI (kg/m2) 0.08 (-0.13,0.30) 0.17 (-0.01,0.35) 0.18 (-0.51,0.88) -0.33 (-0.66,0.01) -0.12 (-0.40,0.16) 1.15 (-0.03,2.33) 0.00 (-0.40,0.40) 0.03 (-0.31,0.38) 0.69 (-0.60,1.99) 0.09 (-0.29,0.47) 0.09 (-0.24,0.42) 0.93 (-0.47,2.32) 0.40 (-0.14,0.93) 0.18 (-0.27,0.63) 0.13 (-1.64,1.89) 0.36 (0.09,0.63) 0.58 (0.05,1.12) 0.23 (-0.23,0.69) -0.13 (-2.01,1.74) 0.55 (0.20,0.90) 0.97 (0.32,1.62) 0.41 (-0.14,0.97) 0.10 (-2.19,2.39) 0.69 (0.29,1.08)-0.08 (-0.18,0.02) 0.90 (0.21,3.74) 1.29 (0.46,3.66)-0.11 (-0.26,0.03)0.01 (-0.17,0.19)0.54 (0.35,0.73)OR (95 CI) obesity 0.35 (0.05,2.54) 0.76 (0.23,2.45) 5.44 (0.70,42.21) 0.33 (0.05,2.41) 1.02 (0.37,2.86) 4.11 (0.54,31.61) 1.86 (1.16,2.98) 0.45 (0.11,1.86) 1.02 (0.44,2.38) 3.54 (0.46,27.25) 2.34 (1.61,3.40) TSA chemical information Quinoline-Val-Asp-DifluorophenoxymethylketoneMedChemExpress Quinoline-Val-Asp-Difluorophenoxymethylketone females Mean difference (95 CI) in BMI (kg/m2) -0.16(-0.42,0.09) -0.15(-0.34,0.04) -0.14(-0.54,0.25) -0.29(-0.66,0.07) -0.17(-0.44,0.10) -0.36(-0.93,0.20) -0.02(-0.42,0.38) -0.07(-0.37,0.24) -0.27(-0.89,0.35) 0.11(-0.31,0.53) -0.01(-0.32,0.30) 0.27(-0.36,0.91) 0.16(-0.44,0.77) -0.20 (-0.65,0.25) -0.42 (-1.35,0.52) 0.78 (0.43,1.14) 0.99(0.31,1.66) 0.41(-0.09,0.92) 0.33(-0.67,1.32) 1.18(0.41,1.95) 0.61(0.06,1.16) 1.09(-0.06,2.24) 1.28 (0.84,1.94) 1.21 (0.84,1.74) 1.04 (0.24,4.52) 1.31 (1.00,1.71) 1.15 (0.91,1.45) 1.48 (0.59,3.67) 1.50 (1.13,1.99) 1.36 (1.06,1.74) 1.44 (0.53,3.89)0.64 (0.34,1.21)1.17 (0.70,1.95)1.17 (0.95,1.45)1.22 (1.02,1.45)1.35 (1.14,1.61)0.04 (-0.08,0.16)0.03 (-0.15,0.21)0.29 (0.07,0.51)0.65 (0.43,0.88) OR (95 CI) obesity1.15 (0.69,1.61)1.40 (0.91,1.89)0.67 (0.21,2.15) 1.35 (0.71,2.58) 0 0.99 (0.66,1.49)0.31 (0.04,2.24) 1.37 (0.64,2.92) 0 1.41 (0.87,2.28)0 0.75 (0.27,2.09) 0.88 (0.12,6.47) 2.08 (1.21,3.55)0.51 (0.16,1.62) 0.79 (0.40,1.58) 0.83 (0.20,3.42) 2.34 (1.68,3.27)1.07 (0.72,1.61) 0.93 (0.67,1.27) 0.92 (0.48,1.78) 1.48 (1.21,1.81)1.48 (1.14,1.91) 1.15 (0.94,1.42) 1.15 (0.77,1.72) 1.39 (1.16,1.66)1.73 (1.28,2.32) 1.44 (1.15,1.80) 1.75 (1.13,2.71) 1.54 (1.28,1.86)No females in these groups were obese.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119985.t!2 at 7y and/or 11y (Table 1). Mean BMI increased throughout adulthood from 23.1 to 28.1kg/m2 in males and 22.1 to 26.8kg/m2 in females, ages 23 to 50y. Prevalence of obesity was <2.5 in childhood, but was much greater, at 25 in mid-adulthood, 45 to 50y (Table 1). Simple analyses of BMI at each age 7 to 50y showed a higher mean BMI in adulthood or OR for obesity in both sexes for neglect at 7/11y, physical and psychological abuse and, in females only, sexual abuse (Table 2). Pre-adolescent BMI, i.e. at 7 and 11y, was not elevated in association with abuse or neglect. Fig. 1 illustrates this pattern for physical abuse: e.g. for females, from no excess risk in childhood to an OR of 1.73 (1.28,2.32) at 50y. Thus for some maltreatments, simple analyses suggest a pattern from little difference to higher BMI with increasing age from child to mid-adulthood as seen in sensitivity analysis using !95th BMI percentile for obesity (S1 Table).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0119985 March 26,6 /Child Maltreatment and BMI TrajectoriesFig 1. Difference in mean BMI (kg/m2) and OR for obesity (95 CIs) from 7 to 50y by physical abuse in males and females. Footnotes: participant report in adulthood (45y) that they had been physically abused by a parent during their childhood before 16y, i.e. punched, kicked or hit or beaten with an object, or needed medical treatment. doi:10.1371/journal.Neglect score !2 at 7 and/or 11y33y45y50yMean difference (95 CI) in BMI (kg/m2) 0.08 (-0.13,0.30) 0.17 (-0.01,0.35) 0.18 (-0.51,0.88) -0.33 (-0.66,0.01) -0.12 (-0.40,0.16) 1.15 (-0.03,2.33) 0.00 (-0.40,0.40) 0.03 (-0.31,0.38) 0.69 (-0.60,1.99) 0.09 (-0.29,0.47) 0.09 (-0.24,0.42) 0.93 (-0.47,2.32) 0.40 (-0.14,0.93) 0.18 (-0.27,0.63) 0.13 (-1.64,1.89) 0.36 (0.09,0.63) 0.58 (0.05,1.12) 0.23 (-0.23,0.69) -0.13 (-2.01,1.74) 0.55 (0.20,0.90) 0.97 (0.32,1.62) 0.41 (-0.14,0.97) 0.10 (-2.19,2.39) 0.69 (0.29,1.08)-0.08 (-0.18,0.02) 0.90 (0.21,3.74) 1.29 (0.46,3.66)-0.11 (-0.26,0.03)0.01 (-0.17,0.19)0.54 (0.35,0.73)OR (95 CI) obesity 0.35 (0.05,2.54) 0.76 (0.23,2.45) 5.44 (0.70,42.21) 0.33 (0.05,2.41) 1.02 (0.37,2.86) 4.11 (0.54,31.61) 1.86 (1.16,2.98) 0.45 (0.11,1.86) 1.02 (0.44,2.38) 3.54 (0.46,27.25) 2.34 (1.61,3.40) Females Mean difference (95 CI) in BMI (kg/m2) -0.16(-0.42,0.09) -0.15(-0.34,0.04) -0.14(-0.54,0.25) -0.29(-0.66,0.07) -0.17(-0.44,0.10) -0.36(-0.93,0.20) -0.02(-0.42,0.38) -0.07(-0.37,0.24) -0.27(-0.89,0.35) 0.11(-0.31,0.53) -0.01(-0.32,0.30) 0.27(-0.36,0.91) 0.16(-0.44,0.77) -0.20 (-0.65,0.25) -0.42 (-1.35,0.52) 0.78 (0.43,1.14) 0.99(0.31,1.66) 0.41(-0.09,0.92) 0.33(-0.67,1.32) 1.18(0.41,1.95) 0.61(0.06,1.16) 1.09(-0.06,2.24) 1.28 (0.84,1.94) 1.21 (0.84,1.74) 1.04 (0.24,4.52) 1.31 (1.00,1.71) 1.15 (0.91,1.45) 1.48 (0.59,3.67) 1.50 (1.13,1.99) 1.36 (1.06,1.74) 1.44 (0.53,3.89)0.64 (0.34,1.21)1.17 (0.70,1.95)1.17 (0.95,1.45)1.22 (1.02,1.45)1.35 (1.14,1.61)0.04 (-0.08,0.16)0.03 (-0.15,0.21)0.29 (0.07,0.51)0.65 (0.43,0.88) OR (95 CI) obesity1.15 (0.69,1.61)1.40 (0.91,1.89)0.67 (0.21,2.15) 1.35 (0.71,2.58) 0 0.99 (0.66,1.49)0.31 (0.04,2.24) 1.37 (0.64,2.92) 0 1.41 (0.87,2.28)0 0.75 (0.27,2.09) 0.88 (0.12,6.47) 2.08 (1.21,3.55)0.51 (0.16,1.62) 0.79 (0.40,1.58) 0.83 (0.20,3.42) 2.34 (1.68,3.27)1.07 (0.72,1.61) 0.93 (0.67,1.27) 0.92 (0.48,1.78) 1.48 (1.21,1.81)1.48 (1.14,1.91) 1.15 (0.94,1.42) 1.15 (0.77,1.72) 1.39 (1.16,1.66)1.73 (1.28,2.32) 1.44 (1.15,1.80) 1.75 (1.13,2.71) 1.54 (1.28,1.86)No females in these groups were obese.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119985.t!2 at 7y and/or 11y (Table 1). Mean BMI increased throughout adulthood from 23.1 to 28.1kg/m2 in males and 22.1 to 26.8kg/m2 in females, ages 23 to 50y. Prevalence of obesity was <2.5 in childhood, but was much greater, at 25 in mid-adulthood, 45 to 50y (Table 1). Simple analyses of BMI at each age 7 to 50y showed a higher mean BMI in adulthood or OR for obesity in both sexes for neglect at 7/11y, physical and psychological abuse and, in females only, sexual abuse (Table 2). Pre-adolescent BMI, i.e. at 7 and 11y, was not elevated in association with abuse or neglect. Fig. 1 illustrates this pattern for physical abuse: e.g. for females, from no excess risk in childhood to an OR of 1.73 (1.28,2.32) at 50y. Thus for some maltreatments, simple analyses suggest a pattern from little difference to higher BMI with increasing age from child to mid-adulthood as seen in sensitivity analysis using !95th BMI percentile for obesity (S1 Table).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0119985 March 26,6 /Child Maltreatment and BMI TrajectoriesFig 1. Difference in mean BMI (kg/m2) and OR for obesity (95 CIs) from 7 to 50y by physical abuse in males and females. Footnotes: participant report in adulthood (45y) that they had been physically abused by a parent during their childhood before 16y, i.e. punched, kicked or hit or beaten with an object, or needed medical treatment. doi:10.1371/journal.
