g over night. Images of crystal violet stained inserts were taken with an AxioVert microscope. siRNA-mediated Knockdown To achieve knockdown of Smad4, 10 nM final concentration of siGENOME smart pool siRNAs were used. A non-targeting pool was used as a control. Two different, custom-designed siRNAs against RhoA with the following sequences were used at 10 nM final concentration: siRhoA1 gaaggcagagauauggcaa, siRhoA2 ugaagcaggagccgguaaa. Negative Universal Control Medium served as negative control. Reverse transfection of siRNAs was performed with Lipofectamine RNAiMax reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Orthotopic Tumor Cell Transplantation Cells were trypsinized, washed twice and resuspended in icecold PBS. Eight weeks old female BALB/c nude mice or FVB/N mice were anaesthetized with isoflurane/oxygen and injected with 16106 Py2T cells in 100 mL PBS into mammary gland number 9. Tumor volumes were calculated according to the formula V = 0.5Dd`2, where D represents length and d represents width of tumors measured by a digital caliper. Mice were sacrificed by CO2 and tumors were isolated and further processed. Scratch Wound Closure Assay 36105 untreated Py2T cells and 36105 Py2T cells treated with TGFb for 13 days were seeded into 24-well plates with or without TGFb. Normal growth medium was replaced by starving medium containing 2% FBS with or without TGFb on the next day. After starvation over night, a wound was scratched into confluent monolayers and plates were transferred to an IncucyteTM live imaging instrument. 22880633 Histology and Immunostaining Py2T EMT Model ded in paraffin after ethanol/xylene dehydration. H&E staining was performed as previously described. For immunofluorescence analysis of frozen sections, organs were fixed at 4uC in 4% PFA for 2 hours, and cryopreserved for 10 hours in 20% AG1024 chemical information sucrose in PBS prior to embedding in OCT freezing matrix. For IHC stainings of PFA-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens, antigen epitopes were retrieved by boiling slides in 10 mM NaCitrate buffer in a PrestigeMedical Z2300 antigen retriever. Stainings with mouse and rabbit 19372201 antibodies were performed using the Dako EnVision plus Kit according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Cytokeratin 8/18 staining was performed using the Vectastain ABC kit. Stainings were revealed by incubation with biotinylated secondary antibodies and ABC Elite detection kit using AEC substrate according to the manufacturer’s 
instructions and counterstained using hematoxilin. Cryosections were cut 7 mm thick and dried for 309 prior to rehydration in PBS. Slides were permeabilized with in PBS/ 0.2% TritonX-100 and blocked for 30 min in PBS/5% normal goat serum and then incubated with the primary antibody in blocking buffer for 1 hour at room temperature. Immunofluorescence stainings were revealed by incubation with Alexa488 or Alexa568 labeled secondary antibodies and nuclei were stained with DAPI. IHC stainings were evaluated on an AxioVert microscope and IF stainings on a Leica DMI 4000 microscope. macrophage marker F4/80. Images show a central region of a tumor grown in nude mice as described in Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis and graphs were generated using the GraphPad Prism software. All statistical analysis was performed by unpaired, two-sided t-test. Gene Expression Profiling Data The raw data of gene expression profiling of Py2T cells in the absence and presence of TGFb is publicly available at the ArrayExpress Database. Ethics Statement
